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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative complications undergoing dental general anesthesia in children and analyze the prevalence and related factors.@*METHODS@#This prospective study involved 292 systematically healthy children (36 to 71 months old) who received extensive dental treatment under general anesthesia. Data about patients' histories, characteristics, dental and anesthesia procedure were collected. Parents or caregivers were interviewed face to face preoperation and 72 h postoperation. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#Approximately 93.5% of the enrolled children reported one or more complications. The most prevalent complication was postoperative pain, followed by weariness, agitation, problem in eating, drowsiness, oral bleeding, cough, fever, etc. The length of operative time and femininity were the risks of the postoperative pain. Nutrition status was the factor probably in association with fever.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The children receive longer operative time and girls show to be more susceptible to the postoperative pain. High nutrition status could be the protective factor of postoperative fever.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthesia, General , Dental Care , Dental Caries , Postoperative Complications , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Overexpression of breast cancer-specific gene 1 (SNCG) is associated with poor prognosis in advanced breast cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the effects of SNCG knockdown in breast cancer cells by using small hairpin RNA (shRNA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four different SNCG shRNA oligonucleotides were designed and chemically synthesized to construct mammalian expression vectors. These vectors were then stably transfected into a breast cancer MCF-7 cell line to knockdown SNCG expression. After SNCG knockdown was confirmed, the stable cell lines were inoculated into nude mice. SNCG mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively in both the stable cell lines and xenografts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All four SNCG shRNA constructs significantly reduced SNCG mRNA and protein levels in MCF-7 cells, as compared to the unrelated sequence control shRNA and the liposome control mice (P < 0.05). SNCG-knockdown MCF-7 cells formed significantly smaller tumor masses than cells expressing the unrelated sequence control or the liposome control mice (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNCG shRNA effectively suppressed breast cancer cell formation in vivo and may be a useful clinical strategy to control breast cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Genetics , Therapeutics , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genetics , Immunohistochemistry , Mice, Nude , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , gamma-Synuclein , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effects of siRNA targeting BCSG1 gene expression in tumor transplants of human breast cancer cell line in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four-pairs of small interfering RNA sequences of BCSG1 were chemically synthesized and inserted into the plasmid expression vectors, and were then transfected into human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 by liposome method. Plasmid vector with unrelated sequence was used as the vector control. Cells transfected with 4 siRNA sequences, control vector and naive FCF7 cells were transplanted into the nude mice. The tumor inhibition was analysised. Immunohistochemical SP method and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were adopted to detect the BCSG1 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Breast tissue samples of human infiltrating ductal carcinoma, ductal hyperplasia and fibroadenoma were also used as the controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The inhibition rates of tumor growth in four BCSG1-siRNA transfected groups were remarkably higher than those of the vector control group and naive MCF7 cells (P<0.01). Compared with that of the vector control and naïve MCF7 cell group, there was a significant decrease of BCSG-1 protein expression in the four experimental groups by immuno-histochemistry staining (P<0.01). In addition, BCSG1 mRNA expression in the four groups transfected with BCSG1-siRNA were significantly less than that of the control vector group, naive MCF7 cell control group and human breast IDC (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BCSG1-siRNA down-regulates the expression of BCSG1 and inhibits effectively growth of the transplaned human breast cancer cell line in nude mice.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Fibroadenoma , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Neoplasm Transplantation , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , Random Allocation , Transfection , Tumor Burden , gamma-Synuclein , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of nucleostemin (NS) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA and protein expression of NS were detected in 31 mucosal atypical hyperplasia specimens, 62 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens and the matched normal esophageal mucosa samples by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression rate of NS protein in normal esophageal mucosa, atypical hyperplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was 17.7% (11/62), 41.9% (13/31) and 69.4% (43/62), respectively. There was a significant difference among the above three groups (chi2 = 33.676, P < 0.01). The expression levels of NS mRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (0.971 +/- 0.121) was significantly higher than that in the atypical hyperplasia (0.913 +/- 0.085) and also in the normal esophageal mucosa (0.866 +/- 0.103; F = 14.829, P < 0.01). The expression level of both NS protein and mRNA was positively correlated with histological grade, infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), but not with age, gender or pathological type (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results indicate that nucleostemin mRNA and protein are over-expressed in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it may be related with its oncogenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Carrier Proteins , Genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Esophagus , Pathology , GTP-Binding Proteins , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Hyperplasia , Lymphatic Metastasis , Mucous Membrane , Metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Nuclear Proteins , Genetics , Precancerous Conditions , Metabolism , Pathology , RNA, Messenger , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the Bcl-XL antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) in suppressing the Bcl-XL expression and increasing the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cell line EC9706 to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proliferation inhibitory rate of EC9706 was assessed by MTT, the expression of Bcl-XL was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, and the apoptotic changes were examined by acridine orange (AO) fluorescent staining and flow cytometry, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the group of ASODN combined with 5-Fu, the proliferation inhibitory rate of esophageal cancer cells was 71.58%, the expression inhibitory rate of Bcl-XL mRNA was 81.25%, the expression of Bcl-XL protein was decreased significantly. The apoptosis rates detected by AO fluorescent staining and flow cytometry were 69.5% and (63.32 +/- 9.23)%, respectively. There were significant differences as compared with the cell control group, the vacuity control group, the N-ODN group, the ASODN group and the 5-Fu group, respectively (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bcl-XL ASODN combined with 5-Fu can effectively inhibit the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. Bcl-XL ASODN can significantly increase the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to 5-Fu through suppressing the expression of Bcl-XL.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Esophageal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Fluorouracil , Pharmacology , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Transfection , bcl-X Protein , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biologic effects of Bcl-XL antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) transfected into cultured esophageal carcinoma cells and human esophageal carcinoma xenograft in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cationic liposome-mediated ASODN was used to transfect esophageal carcinoma cells. RT-PCR, Western blot, MTT assay, flow cytometry and in-situ apoptosis cells detection (TUNEL detection) were used to systematically study the biological effects of the transfected cells in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay showed that the proliferation of esophageal carcinoma cells in the ASODN group decreased significantly as compared with control (P < 0.05), along with a 57.3% inhibitory rate of Bcl-XL mRNA, a significant decrease of Bcl-XL protein and the apoptosis rates of (31.1 +/- 5.8)% and 35.0% by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay, respectively (P < 0.01, as compared with controls). The growth of human esophageal carcinoma in nude mice was also significantly inhibited in the ASODN group (P < 0.05), along with a significant decrease of Bcl-XL mRNA and protein expression, and also an enhanced apoptosis of the tumor cells in nude mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bcl-XL ASODN can effectively inhibit the proliferation of esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and the growth of the tumor in vivo. The suppression of Bcl-XL expression by ASODN may offer both a therapeutic approach and an important theoretic foundation for gene therapy against esophageal carcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Esophageal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Transfection , bcl-X Protein , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mRNA in breast cancer and its correlation with prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression levels of TP, TS and DPD mRNA in 86 micro-selected breast cancer tissues and 9 normal breast tissues were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median expression levels of TP, TS and DPD mRNA in tumor tissue and in normal tissues were 16.54, 0.38, 2.47 and 11.75, 0.25, 8.33, respectively, there were no significant differences (P >0.05). The expression levels of TP, TS and DPD mRNA showed no association with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade and clinical stage, except that of DPD showed a negative association with patients' ages. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the patients with high and low TP or DPD mRNA levels. Disease-free survival tends to be better in the patients with low TS mRNA level than those with high TS mRNA, but the difference was not significant (P=0.069), while the overall survival showed a statistically difference (59.00 month and 70.30 month) (P=0.0496).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression level of TS mRNA may serve as a prognostic marker for breast cancer patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Mortality , Pathology , Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP) , Genetics , Disease-Free Survival , Follow-Up Studies , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Survival Rate , Thymidine Phosphorylase , Genetics , Thymidylate Synthase , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of death receptor 4(DR4) and DR5 in human craniopharyngioma.Methods The expression of DR4 and DR5 was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 28 samples of craniopharyngioma and 25 samples of normal brain tissue.Results With low expression in partial normal brain tissue,DR was expressed highly in all of the craniopharyngioma samples.High DR expression in craniopharyngioma tissue differed from low DR expression in normal brain tissue(P0.05).Conclusions High DR expression is prevalent in craniopharyngioma tissue.This may contribute to the apoptosis-induced therapy of craniopharyngioma.The control of DR expression lays in protein level.This may contribute to the selective induced-apoptosis of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand.
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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of tumor necorisis factor related apoptosis induled ligand receptor(TRAILR) in human craniopharyngioma.Methods The expression of TRAILR was determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in 24 samples of craniopharyngioma and 16 samples of normal brain tissue.Results With low decoy receptor(DcR) expression in partial craniopharyngioma cells and low death receptor(DR) expression in partial normal brain cells,DR was expressed highly in all craniopharyngioma samples while DcR in most normal brain tissue. High DR expression and low DcR expression in craniopharyngioma tissue differed from low DR expression and high DcR expression in normal brain tissue(P